The Additional Protocol and Beyond: A Legal and Political Point of View

by François Nicoullaud Nobody knows the exact content of the Additional Protocol signed by Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in December 2003. That protocol was designed to complement and reinforce the somewhat outdated Safeguards Agreement signed by the… Continue Reading

Iran’s NPT Withdrawal Option

by François Nicoullaud The risk of failure in the ongoing negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program has increased after the most recent meetings in Oman and Vienna. The resolution of the key remaining points of contention—about Iran’s enrichment capacity and,… Continue Reading

Back to Basics

A recent incident reminded me of the strong emotions that underlie thinking about Iran by some officials and ex-officials in the United States and parts of Europe. In this instance, an academic who had questioned whether Iran’s safeguards agreement gives… Continue Reading