Whither the Neocons?

Against the backdrop of the continuing crisis in Egypt, Max Boot takes note of the apparent divide between the Israeli right and American neoconservatives over how to respond to the situation. Much of Boot’s post is devoted to offering a familiar set of caricatures of those who have criticized the neocons and the Israel lobby; there is little in here that is interesting enough to be worthy of a response. But I think Boot does have the kernel of a worthwhile point in his portrayal of the split between Israel’s Likud and its usual allies on the neoconservative right. While the Netanyahu government has been quietly attempting to bolster Mubarak, prominent neoconservatives such as Boot and Elliott Abrams have called for the Egyptian strongman’s ouster and chided the Israelis for short-sightedness. (We should also note, however, that various American pro-Israel lobbying groups have also been taking the Israeli line and supporting Mubarak.) Boot’s point is that this proves that the neocons’ rhetoric about democracy promotion and the freedom agenda was genuine, not simply a fig leaf for advancing Israeli interests in the Middle East.

I think this basic point is one that’s worth exploring. Neoconservative claims to be ardent democracy promoters have always been met with well-deserved skepticism. Despite a great deal of high-flown rhetoric to the contrary, the movement has largely continued to abide by the framework set forth in Jeane Kirkpatrick’s “Dictatorships and Double Standards”: hostile dictators bad, friendly dictators good, and democratization worthwhile only so far as it replaces rivals with allies. Egypt itself has served as a good example of this tendency, as the Bush administration quickly abandoned its “freedom agenda” in 2005-6 once it became clear that free and fair elections might very well bring the Muslim Brotherhood to power. (Palestine was an even more striking example, as that pious democracy promoter Elliott Abrams helped launch a failed coup against Hamas after they won elections in 2006.) Still, it may be unfair to see the neocons’ support for democracy promotion as purely a cynical cover for other geopolitical goals. It is far from inconceivable that after reciting the pro-democracy script for so long, some neocons have genuinely come to believe it.

But I don’t think Boot has enough evidence at this point to show that the neoconservative calls for Mubarak to depart are rooted in democratic idealism rather than a concern for Israeli and US strategic interests. After all, a strong case can be made for abandoning Mubarak even on grounds of pure realpolitik; as Steve Walt notes, any smart realist prefers stable allies to unstable ones. Thus if Mubarak really is a dead man walking, as appears increasingly likely, it would serve neither US nor Israeli interests to continue propping him up.

The real question is not whether one supports Mubarak, but whether one is willing to support truly free and contested elections to determine his successor. After all, one can easily imagine a situation in which Mubarak departs but his successor (Omar Suleiman, say) continues to run a repressive US-backed regime in much the same vein. But will all those American commentators currently touting their love of Egyptian democracy continue to be so supportive if the democratic process threatens to bring the Muslim Brotherhood into power?

That is far less clear. In fact, many of the neocons appear unable even to deal with the possibility of a government led by Mohamed ElBaradei, who is about as much of a liberal secularist as the US could realistically hope for. Meanwhile, Charles Krauthammer is suggesting that the US’s “ultimate objective” should be keeping the Muslim Brotherhood out of power, and that “arranging for a transition to a secular moderate regime” — note the absence of the qualifier “democratic” — “is our number one priority.” One can easily anticipate a scenario in which US support for Egyptian democracy proves to be largely empty rhetoric, as it did during Bush’s second term.

So I hope that Boot is right, and that the neoconservatives will prove willing to support democracy in Egypt even if it brings into power a government less friendly to Israel than Mubarak’s. At the moment, however, the atmosphere of moral self-congratulation among American commentators seems a bit premature and unwarranted.

Daniel Luban

Daniel Luban is a postdoctoral associate at Yale University. He holds a PhD in politics from the University of Chicago and was formerly a correspondent in the Washington bureau of Inter Press Service.

SHOW 10 COMMENTS

10 Comments

  1. Premature and unwarranted — exactly. The situation in Egypt, whether Mubarak leaves in September or sooner, remains very much in flux. Obama has handled a difficult situation pretty well so far, but the fundamental point is that Egyptian politics are probably no longer ours to influence. That’s a good thing, whatever the outcome. If the “worst” happens, and the Muslim Brotherhood comes to power, it will be bad for the U.S. in the short term, but it may teach us the lesson that we failed to learn in Iran — that our policy must take account of the attitudes of the people who live in the area.

    Boot says we should push for real reform in Saudi Arabia, of all places. Good luck. Instead we should keep hands off and adjust our Middle East policy to conform with strictly American interests.

  2. I suspect that the neocons’ determination to effect regime change in Iran is taking precedence over their preference for maintaining the status quo in Egypt. They realize that if they all of them were to oppose democracy for Egypt, then it would become very difficult to push for democracy (“the Freedom Agenda”) in Iran.
    It is possible that even the neocons do not have the magnitude of chutzpah such a stunt would require. More likely though, they fear that even low information Americans would notice the über hypocrisy inherent in their actions, and thereby render ineffective their campaign for regime change in Iran.

  3. Please explain to me what “Instead we should keep hands off and adjust our Middle East policy to conform with strictly American interests” means. Where can I find “American interests”? Keeping the NASDAQ high? Keeping XOM’s stock price in the stratosphere due to constant conflict?

  4. Max, that would include keeping the Suez canal open, and keeping the treaties with Israel and maintaining legitimacy with their people.

  5. Gee, it’s really pretty simple. The American people have two interests in the Middle East: 1) buying oil from the region; 2) allowing that oil and other goods to ship through the Suez Canal. If the United States were not involved in the politics of the region, we would have no difficulties in getting what we need from there. We would enjoy perfectly fine economic relations with any regime out there, so long as we kept from meddling in the region’s politics. A hands-off policy, including no military presence, would actually guarantee U.S. access to both oil and the Canal. Meddling in the region is what has got us into trouble. Particpating in the expropriation of the Palestinians, and then supporting Israel thereafter, has badly damaged our reputation and interests in the Muslim world. Overthrowing Mossadegh in Iran in ’53 was equally short-sighted; the short-term gain for big oil was a long-term loss for America.

    If we withdrew our forces from the Middle East tomorrow, and stopped supporting our albatross (sorry, our “ally”) Israel, access to oil and the Canal would be certain — indeed, we might get better terms of trade in return for an end to our meddling in the region.

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