The Additional Protocol and Beyond: A Legal and Political Point of View

by François Nicoullaud Nobody knows the exact content of the Additional Protocol signed by Iran and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in December 2003. That protocol was designed to complement and reinforce the somewhat outdated Safeguards Agreement signed by the… Continue Reading

Lights and Shadows of the Lausanne Agreement

by Francois Nicoullaud The results obtained in Lausanne on April 2 in the negotiation between the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the Security Council plus Germany) and Iran represent an outstanding landmark in the long process initiated by the first… Continue Reading

Iran’s NPT Withdrawal Option

by François Nicoullaud The risk of failure in the ongoing negotiations with Iran over its nuclear program has increased after the most recent meetings in Oman and Vienna. The resolution of the key remaining points of contention—about Iran’s enrichment capacity and,… Continue Reading

Security Council Resolutions: Barrier to Iran Nuclear Deal?

by François Nicoullaud Paris, France—This is not the first time that we may have trapped ourselves when drafting UN Security Council (UNSC) resolutions that were intended to trap another country—in this case, Iran. The present situation recalls in some respects… Continue Reading